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Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism (different arrangement of the same atoms in 3D space) which is caused by the presence of a chiral carbon in a molecule. A chiral carbon is a carbon with four di...

Moving across a period the number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of the element increases. The increase in the number of positively charged protons results in an increased nuclear charge ce...

Le Chatelier's Principle states the if a change is applied to a system in equilibrium, then the position of equilibrium will move to counteract that change. So, if the pressure was increased for a reaction t...

So, lattice enthalpy of formation is defined as the 'standard enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic crystal lattice is formed from its constituent ions in gaseous form '. The strength of this lattice dep...

Moving down Group 2, the atomic radius increases as there are more electron shells. This also means that the outermost electrons are more shielded from the positive charge of the nucleus. This decreases the ...