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Explain how fractional distillation works.

Hydrocarbons have different boiling points and therefore different condensation points. The linger the hydrocarbon, the more intermolecular forces exerting between each molecule. This means that it requires ...
NS
Answered by Nick S. • Chemistry tutor
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Explain the collision theory.

In order to react, particles must collide with sufficient energy. Particles with a temperature above 0K are always moving and colliding with each other.
NS
Answered by Nick S. • Chemistry tutor
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Define the an acid/base according to the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis theories. Support with equation to illustrate an acid-base reaction for each theory, identifying them clearly. Also state the bond type formed in an Lewis acid-base reaction.

Bronsted-Lowry theory: Acid is a proton donor (H + ) and base is a proton acceptor, i.e NH 3 (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ NH 4 + (aq) + OH - (aq) (In the left hand side, the H 2 O is donating a proton thus is the acid...
AV
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Explain the trend in 1st ionisation energy across the period 3 elements, explaining the anomalies of aluminium and sulfur.

The overall trend is that the 1st ionisation energy increases . This is because as the nuclear charge increases , the attraction of the nucleus to the surrounding electrons becomes stronger . This means that...
JW
Answered by Jack W. • Chemistry tutor
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What is meant by the term optical isomerism?

Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism (different arrangement of the same atoms in 3D space) which is caused by the presence of a chiral carbon in a molecule. A chiral carbon is a carbon with four di...
SM
Answered by Sophie M. • Chemistry tutor
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