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The idea that knowling something is the same as having a true justified belief has been around since Plato. However, in 1963 Edmund Gettier demonstrated that not all true jusfied beliefs count as knowledge. ...

A priori knowledge is knowledge that can be acquired without having to 'look at the world'. A priori knowledge is independent of the empirical world in two ways: i) it's truth does not depend on anything hap...

A deontological ethical theory is a theory which focuses on rules. Actions are right or wrong depending on whether or not they conform to the rule in question. For deontologists lying is wrong in virtue of t...

Metaethics is a field of philosophy that is frequently characterized as being concerned with the nature of morality at large. A more substantial description of the field is that it aims to explain (i) what t...

The difference concerns what is being reduced. Analytic reduction concerns concepts and language whereas ontological reduction concerns the nature of beings/ existence. Analytic reduction involves showing th...