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Given a reaction in the form: aA + bB ⇄ cC + dD where A and B are reactants, C and D are products and a, b, c and d are stoichiometric coefficients (relative number of moles of each molecule). T he equilibri...

A constitution is a set of principes laid out in a document for the running of a country. It covers the role of the executive (Prime Minister or President), the legislature (e.g. House of Commons) and the ju...

From the double angle formula for cosine, we know that cos(2x)=cos 2 (x)-sin 2 (x). Also, we know that sin 2 (x)+cos 2 (x)=1. So by substituting the second formula into the first, we can say that cos(2x)=(1-...

To differentiate tan(x): Note: Here, we use d/dx f(x) to mean "the derivative of f(x) with respect to x". 1) rewrite tan(x) as sin(x)/cos(x) 2) Apply the quotient rule (or, alternatively, you could...

An object experiances a force if it's pushed or pulled, and is measured in newtons. These forces are represented as arrows in force diagrams, these arrows give information on how big and in what direction th...