How do I prepare for and write an essay on an unseen poem?

The best preparation for essays on unseen poems is knowing a list of key literary devices and themes that you should be on the lookout for as you get to know the poem in front of you. Because you won't have seen the poem before, you will not be expected to know highly specific facts about the poet and poem (though if you do, use it!). Instead, you will be marked on your ability to disect the poem, showing how different parts and devices contribute to its overall meaning. Start big. What is the poem about? What are the general themes of the poem? What is the structure of the poem - is it a sonnet, an epic, an elegy? Next pick out some more details. Are there any metaphors or similes? Do these repeat throughout the poem? How about onomatopoeia? Personification? Alliteration? Knowing these terms comes in very handy but the most important thing to keep in mind is to explain why the poet uses these devices - what do they contribute to the meaning of the poem? Always remember to bring your analysis back to your main argument.