If Newton's third law is correct, why are walls not indestructible? In applying a force to a wall, if it breaks surely it is not giving an equal and opposite force.

It is best to consider this in slow motion. First we have a wall which is at equilibrium (no external forces/all forces are balanced). Someone decides that the wall is in its way and wants to break down the wall with a wrecking ball. As the ball first makes contact with the wall, the molecules and atoms that make up the wall are pushed together in some areas and apart in others. Because these atoms and molecules are bonded together, this creates additional forces on those bonds. At this stage, the wall is still providing an equal an opposite force on the wrecking ball, as it is not falling down. As the wrecking ball moves further into the wall, the internal forces increase. Eventually, the bonds will be unable to withstand these forces, and start to break. Each time a bond breaks, the reaction force on the wrecking ball is decreased, but so is the force on the wall, because it is able to move with the wrecking ball. Eventually, enough bonds break that the wall falls down, and the wrecking ball continues it's motion. However, it's motion will be slower than before it hit the wall, because the heroic wall has enacted a force on the ball. The force on the wall (and therefore on the ball) is never greater than the force required to break the wall.

CW
Answered by Callum W. Physics tutor

5167 Views

See similar Physics GCSE tutors

Related Physics GCSE answers

All answers ▸

A 950 kg car accelerates from 0 to 33 m/s in 11 seconds. a) Calculate the acceleration of the car b) Calculate the force needed to produce this acceleration c) The car claims a top speed of 110 miles/hr. Explain why there must be a top speed for any car


The speed of light is 3.0 × 10^8 m/s. The wavelength of yellow light is 5.8 × 10^−7 m. Calculate the frequency of yellow light. State the unit.


A kettle is found to output 65J when its input energy is 100J. What is the efficiency of the kettle, and what happens to the rest of the energy?


A motor does 4.8kJ of work in 2 minutes. What is its power output?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning