If Newton's third law is correct, why are walls not indestructible? In applying a force to a wall, if it breaks surely it is not giving an equal and opposite force.

It is best to consider this in slow motion. First we have a wall which is at equilibrium (no external forces/all forces are balanced). Someone decides that the wall is in its way and wants to break down the wall with a wrecking ball. As the ball first makes contact with the wall, the molecules and atoms that make up the wall are pushed together in some areas and apart in others. Because these atoms and molecules are bonded together, this creates additional forces on those bonds. At this stage, the wall is still providing an equal an opposite force on the wrecking ball, as it is not falling down. As the wrecking ball moves further into the wall, the internal forces increase. Eventually, the bonds will be unable to withstand these forces, and start to break. Each time a bond breaks, the reaction force on the wrecking ball is decreased, but so is the force on the wall, because it is able to move with the wrecking ball. Eventually, enough bonds break that the wall falls down, and the wrecking ball continues it's motion. However, it's motion will be slower than before it hit the wall, because the heroic wall has enacted a force on the ball. The force on the wall (and therefore on the ball) is never greater than the force required to break the wall.

CW
Answered by Callum W. Physics tutor

4608 Views

See similar Physics GCSE tutors

Related Physics GCSE answers

All answers ▸

Please explain air resistance.


What is induced in the core of a transformer


Describe the forces acting on a skydiver jumping out of a plane and explain why opening a parachute reduces the velocity


Sophia (mass 47Kg) is travelling to the right with a velocity of 7.2m/s and ​Neesha (mass 68Kg) is travelling to the left with a velocity 4.8m/s. When ​they meet, they hold hands and travel off together. Give their final ​velocity and direction


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning