Why do the atomic radii of the elements decrease across a period on the periodic table.

It may seem counterintuative that as the elemets' atomic numbers increase their atomic radii decrease. This is due to the increased electrostatic attraction (coulombic interaction) between nucleus and valence electrons. As long as elements are all in the same period then all thier valence electrons are in the same energy level, so there is no increase in the atomic radius due to fillig a new outer shell. This means the dominant effect is simple the electrostatic interaction. As the atomic number increases so does the interaction force, hence the atomic radius decreases.

DH

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

A sample of nitrogen gas is heated to 100°C, at a pressure of 10kPa and volume of 0.2m^3. How many moles of gas are present?


A group 2 metal, M, is reacted with water so that M + 2H2O --> M(OH)2 + H2. 0.162g of metal produces 97.0cm3 of gas at RTP. Identify M.


In the presence of ultraviolet radiation, cyclohexane reacts with bromine. A mixture of cyclic products are formed, including C6H11Br. Discuss each step of this reaction providing equations to show the mechanism.


Providing reasoning, what is the trend in the atomic radius of row 3 elements across the periodic table?