Why does ice float on water? Use the structure of different states of matter to support your answer.

In a liquid, the particles are very close together, but can move around each other. In a solid, the particles are packed together. Depending on the substance, the solid particles can either be very well-ordered (crystalline) or have little or no long-range order (amorphous). When water solidifies, the water molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal shape. The reason for this is because of hydrogen bonding between the O and the H atoms between the different water molecules. Therefore, the water molecules are more distant from one another in solid form than they are in liquid form. This leads to ice having a lower density than does water, and hence ice floats on water.

AB

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Describe, in three steps, how you would synthesise phenylethylamine (C6H5CH2CH2NH2) from methylbenzene, giving reagents and conditions for each step. For each step, state the type of reaction that occurs.


Why does lithium have a higher melting point than sodium


Calculate the empirical and molecular formula of unknown compound A which gave an m/z of 181 in the mass spectrum for the molecular ion peak. Elemental analysis by combustion shows the compound is C 53%, O 35.4%, H 3.9% and N 7.7%.


By comparing the forces involved, explain why hydrogen iodide (HI) would have a higher boiling point than hydrogen bromide (HBr)?