Why does ice float on water? Use the structure of different states of matter to support your answer.

In a liquid, the particles are very close together, but can move around each other. In a solid, the particles are packed together. Depending on the substance, the solid particles can either be very well-ordered (crystalline) or have little or no long-range order (amorphous). When water solidifies, the water molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal shape. The reason for this is because of hydrogen bonding between the O and the H atoms between the different water molecules. Therefore, the water molecules are more distant from one another in solid form than they are in liquid form. This leads to ice having a lower density than does water, and hence ice floats on water.

AB

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

What is the difference between pH and pKa?


Why do certain metals give off different colours when heated?


What are the different types of isomers?


Which element, Na or Mg is likely to have the higher melting point? Give reasons for your choice