What is meant by the term salt? And how would you confirm if the salt had chloride ions in?

Part 1: "A salt is is when the H⁺  ion in an acid is replaced with a cation (e.g. a metal)" 

Part 2: You would use the silver nitrate test for halide ions. You add dilute nitric acid (which avoids giving a false positive result that may be caused due to carbonate ions which also gives a white percipitate when mixed with silver nitrate). Chloride ions give a white percipitate. To confirm that it's a chloride ion, you can add a few drops of dilute ammonia and the white precipitate will dissolve.