Evaluate ∫sin⁴(x) dx by expressing sin⁴(x) in terms of multiple angles

First we remember that sinθ can be expressed in terms of powers of z, where z=cos(θ)+isin(θ), using the following:2isin(nθ)=zⁿ-z⁻ⁿ and 2cos(nθ)=zⁿ+z⁻ⁿ
so, [2isin(θ)]⁴=[z¹-z⁻¹]⁴ 16sin(θ)=(z)⁴(-z⁻¹)⁰+4(z)³(-z⁻¹)¹+6(z)²(-z⁻¹)²+4(z)¹(-z⁻¹)³+(z)⁰(-z⁻¹)⁴ by binomial exp.This simplifies to:16sin(θ)=(z⁴+z⁻⁴)-4(z²+z⁻²)+6but as we saw before (zⁿ+z⁻ⁿ)=2cos(nθ)so 16sin⁴(θ)=2cos(4θ)-8cos(2θ)+6so ∫sin⁴(x)=(1/16)∫2cos(4θ)-8cos(2θ)+6dx=3/8x-1/4sin(2x)+1/32sin(4x)+C.

NH

Related Further Mathematics A Level answers

All answers ▸

Prove by mathematical induction that, for all non-negative integers n, 11^(2n) + 25^n + 22 is divisible by 24


Given that z = a + bj, find Re(z/z*) and Im(z/z*).


Given M = [[-2,6],[1,3]], find P and D such that M = PDP^(-1) where D is a diagonal matrix


How would you use the Integration Factor method to solve an ordinary first-order linear differential equation?