What are the main differences between the verbs 'ser' and 'estar'? Demonstrate your understanding with the use of examples.

While both 'ser' and 'estar' mean 'to be' in English, there are some crucial differences between both verbs which are essential to get right at any level of Spanish. There are certain 'rules of thumb' that can be followed that will help a lot in choosing the right verb in Spanish! Generally speaking, 'ser' is used when describing something that is permanent or inherent, such as physical description, nationality, personality description, colour, shape/size. Eg: 'el hombre es muy alto' (the man is very tall), OR 'sus hijos son muy tímidos' (their children are very shy). 'Estar', meanwhile, is generally used when describing temporary states such as: moods/feelings, location and agreements. Eg: 'de momento ella está muy contenta en su escuela', OR 'la biblioteca está a lado de mi casa'.