Why does an absorption spectrum (of eg Helium) show dark lines?

Ignoring the dark lines, we have a continuous colour (visible light) spectrum. The dark lines represent where the photon of a particular wavelength is missing, hence we cant see it. This occurs when the light passes through a material, and various frequencies of photons are absorbed. Hence we do not see these specific photons when the light reaches the observer, and therefore we have 'dark lines' on an absorption spectrum.

Notes: 

1) Photons (light 'packets') are absorbed by electrons (in a material)

2) This causes the electron to become excited, moving to a higher available energy level

3) The 'jump' in electron energy levels is discrete, and equal to the energy of the photon; hence only specific frequencies of photon are removed (photon frequency dictates photon energy; E=hf)

JB
Answered by James B. Physics tutor

8775 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

What is the force on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field, and why is no work done by this force when it accelerates the particle?


An exo-planet orbits its local star, of mass 2.00x10^30kg, in a steady circular orbit of radius 8.00x10^8km. Calculate the orbital period of the star, in years.


A ball is launched upwards at 30 degrees to horizontal with a velocity of 20 metres per second, how far does it travel before landing? (no air resistance)


I have an infinite number of glass blocks stacked side by side. The first block has refractive index n1, the second n2 and so on, such that n1<n2...<n(infinity). I shine a light on the stack, what angle does the ray make to the normal on the last block?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning