Difference between horizontal and vertical translations of graphs

f(x), k>0
a. vertical translation
y=f(x) + k : graph shifts k units up
y=f(x) - k : graph shifts k units down
b. horizontal translation
y=f(x - k) : graph shifts k units right
y= f(x+k) : graph shifts k units left
 
 

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Answered by Cassandra Cristiana I. French tutor

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