What is the difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

Generally a prokaryote is smaller, reaching roughly up to 5μm while eukaryotes are larger reaching roughly up to 100μm.

Eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes but prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes. 

A eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles due to compartimentilisation, this includes a membrane bound nucleus. A prokaryotic cells has no membrane bound oraganelles and no nucleus.

Prokaryotes have naked DNA in the form of a plasmid while eukaryotes have protein bound DNA.

A prokaryote reproduces by binary fission while eukaryotes use mitosis and meiosis.