Explain how nucleophilic substitution for a haloalkane actually occurs?

In a haloalkane, not all of the bonds are the same. We have to consider the fact that the halogen atom (for instance a bromine atom) is more electronegative than either carbon or hydrogen atoms, and has a tendency to withdraw electron density towards itself. This makes the C-Br bond polarised. The carbon atom has had electron density removed from itself, and now has a partial positive charge. Thus, it is more susceptible to attack by a species with a high electron density, or a negative charge. Such a species is called a nucleophile. A cyanide ion, for example, has a formal negative charge on the carbon.As like and unlike charges attract, the negative cyanide ion will attack the positive carbon atom, and in doing so will displace the bromide ion. This is nucleophilic substitution.

NK
Answered by Naman K. Chemistry tutor

1997 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Explain the trend in the boiling temperatures of the elements on descending group 7, from fluorine to iodine.


Why are transition metal ions in water coloured, but sodium in water is not?


Explain why the enthalpy of lattice dissociation of potassium oxide is less endothermic than that of sodium oxide.


Calculate the mass of the following substance: a) 2.5 x 10^23 molecules of N2


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2025 by IXL Learning