Periodicity shows a fairly smooth increasing trend across a period for ionisation energy. However, between groups 2 & 3 and groups 5 & 6, the trend doesn't appear to be followed. Using your knowledge of chemistry, explain why the trend isn't followed here

For elements in group 2, their valence electrons consist of "ns2" where n is the principle quantum number/shell number. However, for elements in group 3, their valence electrons consist of "ns2np1". As the p-orbitals are higher in energy than the s-orbitals, this makes the p electron easier to remove and hence required less energy input - resulting a slightly lower 1st ionisation energy than expected. For elements in group 5, they all have singly filled p-orbitals ("np3), but those in group 6 have one p-orbital with a pair of electrons occupying it ("np4"). This is known as an orbital pair with anti-spin. The pairing of electrons within an orbital causes repulsion between those occupying it - this highers the electrons energy. As their energy is now higher, it is easier to remove the electron as a result, which lowers the 1st ionisation energy.

GW

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Write an equation for the complete combustion of C9H20


How does a catalyst effect the rate of reaction?


Why do the boiling points of the hydrogen halides increase as you go down the group from HCl to HI?


Write down the electronic configuration of a copper ion in this complex ion: [Cu(H2O)6]2+