What are the major parts of a neuron? What are the three types of nerve cells?

1) The nerve cell, also referred to as a neuron, has several parts that are important for its function in the nervous system. These parts are:

Soma - or a nerve cell body, contains nucleus and other organelles. It is also responsible for synthesis of neurotransmitter. 

Dendrites - are branching extensions from nerve cell soma. They get stimulated by other neurons and transmit the impulses towards soma.

Axon - a single extension that extends from soma to the target cell. Myelinated axon is surrounded by Schwann cells (myelin sheath) with gaps of nodes of Ranvier in between them. There are terminal boutons at the end of the axon where the synapse is located.

2) There are 3 main types of neurons:

Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) transfer information from the external environment to the central nervous system (CNS).

Motor neurons (efferent neurons) transfer information from the CNS to external environment, to effector organ e.g. gland or muscle.

Interneurons, or association neurons, process information in the CNS and transfers the information from one neuron to the other within the CNS.

ZB
Answered by Zuzana B. Human Biology tutor

33398 Views

See similar Human Biology A Level tutors

Related Human Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

What is the difference between smooth and striated muscle?


What are the three main differences between a molecule of DNA and RNA?


How does the theory of evolution due to natural selection explain the extinction of other species?


What is a Vitamin?


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2025

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences