Why does the first ionisation energy generally increase across a period? Explain why there are dips in energy between groups 2 and 3 and groups 5 and 6?

1st ionisation energy increases across a period as nucleus gets more positive, no further increase in shielding due to electrons being added to same shell, atomic radius decreases, attraction between nucleus and highest energy electrons increases, so more energy is required to move the highest energy electron. Dip in energy between groups 2 and 3 due to highest energy election occupying a p orbital, which is slightly higher in energy than an s orbital.Dip between groups 5 and 6 due to extra electron being added to an already occupied p orbital, making one of the valence p orbitals full. This is a destabilising interaction due to increased repulsion between the electrons, meaning the highest energy electron in group 6 is more easily lost.

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Describe the shape of and bonding in a molecule of benzine. Explain why benzene doesn't readily undergo reactions.


Why do elements give off coloured light when heated?


What is optical isomerism and how can you distinguish between optical isomers?


Calcium nitride contains 81.1% by mass of the metal. Calculate the empirical formula of calcium nitride. Show your working.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2024

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy