How do control rods work in a nuclear fission reactor?

In Nuclear Fission, neutrons collide with radioactive atoms (eg Uranium-235) in order to split the atom into two smaller atoms and releasing energy. The more neutrons there are the faster the reaction so to slow it down you need to remove the neutrons.

This is done using control rods which absorb excess neutrons (reactions require 1 neutron and release 3 so there quickly becomes too many neutrons). They are composed of a material which has many stable isotopes (like Boron) so when the atoms absorb a neutron, they still don't become radioactive. If the reaction is going too fast, the control rods are lowered into the reactor, this increases their surace area to absorb neutrons. If the reaction is going too fast they are rasied up so less neutrons are absorbed.

JH
Answered by Jordan H. Physics tutor

8985 Views

See similar Physics A Level tutors

Related Physics A Level answers

All answers ▸

How do you combine resistors is series and parallel?


What is the difference between electromotive force and potential difference?


Define the work function of a metal


The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle states that ΔxΔp > h/4π. What is represented by the terms Δx, and Δp? What can we say about p if the precise value of x is known? What does this mean for experimental results.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning