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At A-Level, examiners want you to be able to use your quotation as a springboard for critical and contextual discussion. For this reason, an effective strategy when memorising quotations is to pair each o...

The delocalised ring in aromatic compounds (such as benzene) is very stable and therefore requires a very strong electrophile to be created before it will react. An example of this would be the formation ...

Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby both explore their contemporary contexts. In both, they introduce narrators into an alien context; Conrad exp...

One of the ways in which behaviourists treat phobias is by using systematic desensitisation. This process is based on classical conditioning (counterconditioning). The treatment involves replacing an unwa...

Reflux apparatus is when a distillation tube is surrounded by an apparatus that pumps cold water around it in order to condense its compounds in the mixture
As ethanol has a low boiling point, it eva...