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The French subjunctive is important for the written language, but is rarely heard now in spoken French. You should be able to recognise and form it when doing written translations, as the French still pla...

A B-cell with a specific antigen receptor will bind to a complementary antigen, when exposed to that antigen in the body. This specific complementary binding leads to that B-cell becoming activated. An ac...

Sigma bonds form as a result of end on overlap of orbitals (pp, ss or sp) along the axis between two atoms' nuclei. Pi bonds form because of parallel overlap between p orbitals. A sigma bond forms a singl...

With the first electron affinity, the chlorine atom is one electron from a full octet ( and is a neutral species). When you add an electron to the chlorine, the negatively charged electron is electrostati...

With phenol, the oxygen atom is directly attached to the delocolised pi system in phenol, as a result the lone pair on this oxygen is incorporated into this delocolised pi system in phenol, increasing it'...