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[add 4 to both sides] 2x=10 Therefore, x=5

Atomic Number: Number of Protons in the nucleus of the atom, also equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Mass Number: Total number of "nucleons" (Protons and Neutrons) in the...

Both of these are acceptable, but I would advise writing it paragraph by paragraph, as quite often students run out of time in the exam and that way at least you've covered both sides of the argument. It ...

find sum of both equations: 14a=42, therefore a=3, substitute 'a' into an equation: (5x3)+2b=23, therefore 2b=8, therfore b=4

2x + 3