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Bond lengths - a single bond is 0.153nm while a double bond is 0.134nm, making Kekulé's model of alternating single and double bonds asymmetric. Other evidence shows benzene to be symmetr...

As the charge of an ion increases, so does its charge density. The ion can therefore form stronger electrostatic forces of attraction, resulting in stronger bonds. As these bonds form to produce a lattice...

1. Phototropins are enzymes found in the plasma membrane of particular cells. They are phosphorylated when hit by blue light.
   2) This phosphorylation triggers the movement of auxin across the plan...

An aldehyde will react with Tollen's reagent to form a characteristic silver mirror, whereas a ketone will not react. This is because an aldehyde can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid, reducing Tollen's re...

Completing the square means to put our equation into a slightly different form which looks like this, where a and b are real numbers:

(x+a)² + b = 0

From here, we...