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There are three main ways that an invading pathogen can result in disease:

Damage or destroy host cells

This is host specific and ligands on the pathogen mus...

Let's take the example: 3(x + 2) + 2(x - 1)

Start with the first part: 3(x + 2)

We have to multiply what is outside of the bracket with the indivi...

This is the sort of question you are likely to stumble across in an IB HL Paper 2 examination. It would probably carry a few more marks and thus require a longer answer, but that is reason to panic!First ...

Mass spectrometry is a technique we use to analyse and determine the structure of compound. Generally, it works by injecting your compound into an ionisation chamber, ...

First, recall that tan(x) can be rewritten in terms of sine and cosine.

tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x)

The rephrasing of our question suggests that we should try the substitution ru...