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The heart's excitation is myogenic and therefore can be started without any transmission from the brain. The sino-atrial node is found behind the posterior wall of the left atrium and is where the action ...

There are several phases to mitosis: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In interphase, the cell duplicates it’s organelles and chromosomes, ready for mitosis. In prophase, the chrom...

Competetive inhibitors are the same shape as the enzyme substrate. They bind directly to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the binding of the substrate. Therefore, if you increase the concentratio...

Gene mutations arise due to errors in DNA replication and include insertion, deletion, substitution, inversion, duplication and translocation of bases. Each triplet of bases encodes one amino acid. Theref...

Proteins are amino acid polymers, joined by peptide bonds which are formed via condensation reactions. The primary structure is the order of amino acids, secondary structure is the folding of polypeptide ...