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The resting membrane potential of cells is maintained by the actions of Na+ and K+. A resting cell is impermeable to Na+ so the concentration of Na+ is greater outside the cell than in it. However the cel...

The pioneer species (or any other species) changes the environment, making it less hostile. Also some species are better competitors and out-compete others.

Enzymes are functional proteins which are used to catalyse reactions. They all exhibit primary, secondary and tertiary structure, and some which have more than one polypeptide chain have quaternary struct...

In the population, there is genetic variation with some individuals possessing allele p and some possessing allele q. Predation by wolves acts as a selection pressure on the genetic variation in the popul...

ATP is constantly being produced in every mitochondrion of the cell, but it can't be stored within it. This is directly related to the properties of this important molecule - the phosphate bond between th...