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The cardiac cycle consists of series of chamber systole and diastole. Systole is the name given to a period when cardiac muscle contract to cause blood ejection from the respective chamber to another. Dia...

Size: mitochondria are 2uM in diameter, similar to bacteria. Also applies to genome size and content, suggesting an 'endosymbiosis' event.

Proteins are encoded by the information stored in the DNA genetic material. This happens in two stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA unravels and exposes it's sequence, all...

Translation is the 2nd stage of protein synthesis, when the amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide. They are assembled into the sequence dictated by the sequence of codons on the mRNA (messenger RNA...

Blood is transported around the body by blood vessels. Arteries are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart, whilst veins are responsible for returning blood to the heart. Arteries and veins ar...