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How is energy generated from carbohydrates?

The breakdown of carbohydrates from foodstuffs produces mono and disaccharides. These sugars are converted into glucose to be respired for energy generation. Respiration catabolises (breaks down) glucose, to...
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Answered by Lizzie E. • Biology tutor
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How do innate and learned behaviours differ?

Innate behaviours are characterised by inherent and instinctive behaviours that come natural to an organism and were not learned through their life cycle. Innate behaviours tend to be quick and effective, an...
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Answered by George B. • Biology tutor
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What does the primary structure of a protein refer to?

The primary structure of a protein is simply refers to a sequence of amino acids.
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Answered by Basel E. • Biology tutor
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Outline the main differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.Prokaryotic cells have no nucleusDNA in prokaryotic cells are not associated with proteins whereas DNA in eukaryotic cells are assoicated with histone...
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Answered by Ka L. • Biology tutor
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Explain the process that occurs from when the action potential reaches the pre-synaptic knob to transmission in the next neurone. (6 Marks)

Once an action potential reaches the synaptic cleft of a pre-synaptic neuron, voltage-gated calcium channels open. It is the depolarisation of the membrane that causes the opening. Calcium ions subsequently ...
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Answered by Basel E. • Biology tutor
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