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In Chemistry we need to know the structures of the molecules we make and work with. We use spectroscopy to work out the shapes of these molecules. Mass spectrometry is one type of spectroscopy and weighs ...

Electrophilic Addition

Differences in size of an ionic lattice are directly linked to differences in how exothermic the lattice enthalpy of a salt is. 

Mg²⁺ has a smaller radius than Ca²⁺  and thus ...

It may seem counterintuative that as the elemets' atomic numbers increase their atomic radii decrease. This is due to the increased electrostatic attraction (coulombic interaction) between nucleus and val...

Key facts to be noted by student:

Molar mass of ethanoic acid = 60 g/mol.

pK_a = -log(K_a)

pH =-log([H⁺])

Concentration of acid solution = 3/60 =...