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Essentially, it is the adjacent atoms or groups attached to the central carbon atom which have the ability to stabilise or destabilise a carbocation. The formation of this carbocation is what determines t...

Melting point, NMR, Mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy

For both As and A-level, knowing functional groups for organic chemistry is essential. The easiest way to identify functional groups is to understand which bonds are characteristic for the functional grou...

Before using numbers from the question: 1)What is pH? pH = -log[H⁺] Square brackets mean concentration of H+ so we need to convert given pH to [H⁺] in the weak acid coefficient 2) To...

Water has a greater boiling point than hydrogen iodide as water has hydrogen bonds, whereas iodine only has permenant dipole-dipole interactions. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than permenant dipole-dipole i...