Search over 10,000 free study notes

So the trend is a high boiling point for HF, then a sharp decease to HCl, and then a steady increase up to HI. HF is a special case because they are held together by hydrogen bonds (as well as permanent d...

Fluorine is much more reactive than chlorine, even destroying the aromaticity. This is at the expense of the very strong C-F bonds (good orbital size and energy overlap) that are formed. C-Cl bonds are we...

Nucleophile- electron pair donor. If electron dense it's therefore attracted to a positive charge. A partial positive charge can be found on the C atom due to the electronegativity of chlorine. Therefore,...

Aldehydes can be differentiated from ketones as they give a positive result for the following tests -Tollens' reagent turns from a colourless solution to a silver precipitate.Fehling's solution turns from...

An atom of nitrogen has 5 valence electrons in its outer shell. Each hydrogen atom in ammonia bonds to the central nitrogen atom and contributes an electron each. This means there are 8 electrons in total...