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The chain rule is used to differentiate composite functions, ie "a function of a function". In this case we have an outer function and an inner function. For example

Differentia...

cos(AOB) = a.b/(|a| x |b|)

a.b = (6i - j + 3k).(-4i + 2j + 10k)

      = (6 x -4...

multiply with conjugate 5-root3 such that the denominator gets rational 

(5-root3)^2/((5+root3)(5-root3)) = (25-10root3+3)/(25-3)=(28-10root3)/22 = 14/11 - 5root3/11

x^3-6x^2+9x=x(x^2-6x+9)

observe binomial formula (x-3)^2=(x^2-6x+9)

Thus x(x-3)^2 and the function has two points meeting the x-axis.

First step: integrate int df/dx = x^2+3x+c (never forget the constant!) 

Second step: substitute the point in order to get c 

1 = (1)^2+3*1+c -> c = 1-1-3=-3

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