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Increasing temperature gives more kinetic energy to both enzyme and substrate so they move more and with more energy. They can then collide more frequently allow more binding so the rate of reaction incre...

It neutralises acid in the stomach and allows bacteria to damage the stomach epithelium.

Phase I- The drug must be tested on animals and tissue culturesPhase II - The drug is tested on healthy volunteers in small dosesPhases III- The drug is tested on sick patients in small dosesSmall doses a...

There are four main non-specific defence systems, all of which are immediate and the same for all pathogens (hence 'non-specific).1) skin: it acts as a primary defence mechanism as the dry, dead cells on ...

DNA is: - double stranded- has thymine as a base- longer RNA is:- single stranded- has uracil as a base (instead of thymine)- shorter