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Negative is a slightly confusing term, as it seems to imply that the control is bad, when in reality it is vital to being alive! Negative in this sense is used in a mathematical way, meaning "removin...

Before speciation occurs we have a population of individuals of the same species that can freely and successfuly mate with each other. In allopatric speciation a geographical barrier forms (a mountain ran...

The human heart system is described as double circulatory becasue is has two seperate circuits. The first carries blood between the heart and the lungs and is known as the pulmonary circuit and the second...

The potential or information travels between a pre-synaptic and a post-synaptic neuron. As a reminder, for information, we intend the flow of Na+ and K+ ions between two locations. When t...

When an action potential from a pre-synaptic neuron approaches a synapse, the change in membrane potential causes voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open across the pre-synaptic bulb. Due to the high d...