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There are three key factors affecting rate of photosynthesis at GCSE level. They are light intensity, CO2 concentration, and temperature. These factors are best visualised by drawing graphs with rate of p...

Eutrophication occurs when nitrate fertilisers are carried by ground water into lakes and ponds. The fertliser encourages algal growth in the water, which in turn blocks out sunlight. This causes submerge...

Hydrogen Bonding occurs between 2 adjacent molecules of H₂O.

The polar covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen creates negative and positive partial charges respectively.

There ...

Lumen sizes in blood vessels differ due to the differing functions of the vessels themselves.

Arteries have to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues at high pressure. Small lume...

The nerve impulse arrives at the synapse. This triggers vesicles to release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) into the synapse. These chemicals diffuse across the synapse and bind with membrane rece...