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Extensive root systems allow for maximum uptake of available water from the ground. Low surface area to volume ratio reduces the rate of evapotranspiration, alongside a thick waxy cuticle covering the sur...

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone). First his blood plasma becomes more concentrated. This is detected by receptors in the hypothalamus which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ADH. ADH enters the blood s...

Alveoli are folded to increase their surface area to volume ratio, so more volume of air can diffuse in from the blood and and in from the bronchioles. The lining of the alveoli walls are also moist so th...

Independent variable: the one that you change. 

Dependent variable: the one that you measure. 

For example, a scientist wants to find out whether a diet including oats makes a horse run fast...

inactive pathogens 

white blood cells produce antibodies 

these antibodies can be then quickly released whrn the immune system comes into contact with the live pathogen and destoy it