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Bile is alkaline, so it neutralises the hydrochloric acid from the stomach. This creates the right pH for the enzymes working in the intestine. As well as this, bile is an emulsifier. It breaks up big dro...

The human circulatory system consists of the heart - a pump and a series of tubes - the blood vessels containing the blood. There is an atrium and a ventricle on each side of the heart and the two sides c...

Antibiotics are used for killing bacteria and therefore, it can act as a selection pressure. This means that the bacteria can mutate, in order to avoid being killed and this would be a favourable mutation...

Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. If they enter the body, they can start an immune response. On their surface, they have antigens, which are substances that start that immune response. ...

A synapse is a junction between neurons. For neurons to communicate signals to each other, it is vital that information can cross the synapse when appropriate.

The neuron before the synapse (the pr...