Search over 10,000 free study notes

The mutual electrostatic attraction between pairs of oppositely charged ions. Usually the metal atom loses electrons to become a positively charged cation where as the non metal atom gains electrons to b...

The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
The equation for the first ionisation of Chlorine is: Cl (g) --> Cl+ (g) + e-

NaCl is an example of a covalent structure, where electrons are shared between the atoms in covalent bonds. Graphite has a giant covalent structure with the covalently bonded carbon atoms arranged in laye...

Sodium is on group 1 and has 1 election in its outer shell. Chloride is in group 7 and has 7 electrons in its outer shell.Sodium looses 1 electron and chlorine gains 1 electron giving both atoms a full ou...

First of all let's think of which one would take longer. The one that would take longer would be the slower of the two reactions, and therefore would have a lower rate of reactio...