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Long shore drift operates along a coastline. Waves approach the shore at an angle, carrying sediment with them. Due to the processes of gravity, the wave then returns at a right angle to the coast, draggi...

Oceanic crusts are forced beneath the continental crust at a subduction zone because they are denser. Heat produced by friction turns the sinking oceanic plate into magma. This then tries to reach the sur...

The distribution of the world's population between urban and rural areas, is evidently changing. Migration patterns and natural decreases (and increases) in population generally create a significant decli...

Alternating sections of hard and soft rock. The hard rock bands will be more resistant to erosion than the soft rock. The soft rock will therefore erode faster due to hydraulic action, abrasion, cavitatio...

Primary effects occur immediately, as a result of the earthquake itself. Example of primary effects include buildings and bridges collapsing and death and injury to people. Secondary effects can occur fro...