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An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in homozygous or heterozygous state. Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles. 

Advantages:

-> Repeatable - the same design can be achieved every time with very good accuracy.

-> Economic - hundreds of copies of the design can be produced b...

There is no need to solve the quadratic equation here. Use the formulae for the sum and product of roots where:

a+b = -b/a

and

ab = c/a

Therefore...