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Firstly, specialised white blood cells, known as macrophages, detect the virus in the blood stream. This is due to the virus releasing chemicals, and in the process of chemotaxis, the macrophage follows t...

Looking at a cholinergic synapse:The action potential arrives at the presynaptic knob. This causes voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, and calcium ions to diffuse into the presynaptic knob.The inf...

Any type of poison is not guaranteed to eradicate rats entirely. This is due to genetic mutations allowing an individual to be immune to certain types of toxins. Whilst the population may be eradicated, i...

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of biological reactions. The enzyme active site and the substrate are complimentary in shape. This allows the substrate to bind to the active site o...

Phagocytes are part of the innate immune system. They are primarily responsible for clearing extracellular infections e.g. bacteria or fungus, by recognising and ingesting the pathogen. Typically, pathoge...