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Apoptosis is programmed cell death. It is the main pathway for physiological cell death (though not the only one, see necrosis) and involves a defined set of changes to the cell: shrinkage of the nucleus,...

An allele is a version of a gene, for instance a gene that determines hair colour may have an allele for blonde hair and an allele for dark hair. We all have two copies of each gene because we inherit two...

Stroke volume is the amount of blood, in one contraction, that is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. The normal range for this is 50-100ml.

Membrane depolarisation arrives at the pre-synpase and causes Ca2+ voltage-gated channels to open. This allows Ca2+ ions to diffuse in the presynapse via the activated Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ influx in the pr...

Firstly - What are antibodies? Antibodies are part of the immune system which are specific to the pathogen. They help destroy the pathogen.And what are monoclonal antibodies? They're just antibodies that ...