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Osmosis is strictly the movement of water. Its definition is the net movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential. Therefore this is only th...

Apoptosis is programmed cell death. It is the main pathway for physiological cell death (though not the only one, see necrosis) and involves a defined set of changes to the cell: shrinkage of the nucleus,...

An allele is a version of a gene, for instance a gene that determines hair colour may have an allele for blonde hair and an allele for dark hair. We all have two copies of each gene because we inherit two...

Stroke volume is the amount of blood, in one contraction, that is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. The normal range for this is 50-100ml.

Membrane depolarisation arrives at the pre-synpase and causes Ca2+ voltage-gated channels to open. This allows Ca2+ ions to diffuse in the presynapse via the activated Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ influx in the pr...