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 1. A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. For example: If I touch a hot plate, my hand will automatically pull away from the heat. Another example is the pupillary light reflex...

Body temperature in mammals is controlled and maintained by a small part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Information about the temperature both inside and outside of the body is det...

As temperature increases up to the optimal temperature for the enzyme, the rate of reaction will increase at a steady rate because the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules increases, so th...

It can be controlled by hormonal or neuronal (from the nervous system) input. To increase the heart rate, during a fight or flight situation for example, adrenaline may be released from the adrenal glands...

An impulse travels along the pre-synaptic neurone, and when it reaches the axon ending it stimulates calcium channles to open on the pre-synaptic membrane. This allows calcium ions to rush into the neuron...