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As temperature increases up to the optimal temperature for the enzyme, the rate of reaction will increase at a steady rate because the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules increases, so th...

It can be controlled by hormonal or neuronal (from the nervous system) input. To increase the heart rate, during a fight or flight situation for example, adrenaline may be released from the adrenal glands...

An impulse travels along the pre-synaptic neurone, and when it reaches the axon ending it stimulates calcium channles to open on the pre-synaptic membrane. This allows calcium ions to rush into the neuron...

Enzymes are proteins. They are biological catalysts, meaning they increase the rate of reaction without being used up or changed. Different enzymes have different optimum temperatures and pHs, depending o...

A 'non-specific' defence system means that its response is the same for every invader (pathogen). In the human body this includes:

Skin- a physical barrier between the outside worl...