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Bonds in a protein's tertiary structure occur entirely between the highly variable R-groups of the amino acyl residues. Firstly, hydrogen bonds further to those in the secondary structure may form between...

Aerobic respiration needs oxygen. It is the release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen:

glucose + oxygen ...

Glycolysis- This is the first step which occurs in the cytosol. glucose broken down into pyruvate yielding 2 net atp and 2 pyruvate molecules per glucose. This is the only step in anaerobic respiration. <...

By neurotransmitters. At a neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine released from vesicles in the pre-synaptic neurone. Receptors on the muscle cell surface bind acetylcholine in the ...

In the nervous system, information is carried by electrical impulses from sensory neurons to the brain, from the brain to motor neurons, and within the neurons of the brain itself. A synapse is a connecti...