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Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR is the process of amplifying a sample of DNA. The first stage of a PCR cycle is known as the denaturation phase. This occurs at a temperature of 95C and lasts for approxim...

Vaccines are designed so that they contain antigens - for example viral antigens from the virus we wish to protect against. When these are injected they are recognised as foreign by white blood cells call...

Equation: carbon dioxide + water ---(with light energy)---> glucose + oxygen Glucose is the important product of the photosynthesis reaction. Some of the glucose is used in respiration to provide energ...

Crossing over is a process that happens during meiosis and results in genetic variation in gametes. It happens between prophase and metaphase. Pairs of homologous chromosomes lined up next to each other t...