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Excretion is the removal of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism and excess substances from organisms.

Egestion is the passing out of undigested food as faeces, through the anus.

Th...

Plants have adapted to grow towards sunlight - an essential requirement for growth and survival. But how do they do this? An important factor in the control of plant growth is the hormone 'auxin', found w...

Several enzymes are involved in digestion. Amylase is produced by the salivary glands and pacreas and starts working as soon as food is ingested, breaking down starch into maltose in the mouth and also th...

Hormones are chemical messengers. They are released from special gland cells and travel in the bloodstream to reach their target organs, where they will have their effect. Whereas nerve cells carry electr...

Most proteins have 3 or 4 levels of structure which include the primary, secondary and tertiary structure, with many also having a Quaternary structure. Firstly, the primary structure is the unique sequen...