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The light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle) takes place in the absence of light. Firstly, CO2 combines with ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) to produce two molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate (GP). GP is redu...

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with the gradient). Once the concentration in each area is equal, the overall diffusion rate is 0...

mRNA is one of the 3 types of RNA: the others being tRNA and rRNA. They all play a role in protein synthesis. mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid. It is made by copying a strand of DNA called the t...

The different types of transport across a membrane can be divided into two main categories: active and passive transport. Active transport requires metabolic energy in the form of ATP and molecules are mo...

There are two sides of the heart and each side (left and right) has two chambers each. The two chambers: atria (top) and a ventricle (bottom). Even though the two sides of the heart have two chambers each...