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As an action potential arrives at the presynaptic knob, the membrane is depolarised. This causes calcium channels in the membrane to open and calcium ions to flood in. This influx of calcium causes vesicl...

Many (Not all) neurons are myelinated by schwann cells. The myelination covers the neuron with a fatty layer with small gaps between each schwann cells. These small gaps are called nodes of ranvier. When ...

Water moves from the roots to the leaves through tissue called the xylem, in a process called transpiration. As water evaporates out of the leaf, more water is 'pulled upwards' to replace what has been lo...

The enzyme maltose will always fold into in a tertiary structure, which results in the active site being in a specific shape that only the substrate maltase can bind to. This is often illustrated using th...

The Sinoatrial Node (SAN) generates the wave of excitation/ Action potential (AP).

The AP spreads across the atrial walls, stimulating the myocardial cells to contract This initiates the atrial sys...