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Cholera is single-celled organism that produces a toxin. The toxin attaches to the ion receptors in the small intestine which causes it to secrete chloride ions into the lumen. This then causes water t...

An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyses reactions that occur in the body. In many cases they are essential in order to allow reactions to occur under physiological conditions. There are many differe...

DNA is used to code proteins. This requires two steps: transcription and translation.Transcription is the conversion of double stranded DNA into a single stranded mRNA molecule. DNA nucleotides bind to th...

For many reasons cell division can become unregulated. This leads to the formation of a mass of cells called a tumour which cannot perform their normal function – they are said to be undifferentiated. In ...

55% of blood is made up of plasma. This liquid component holds the other component of blood, cells, in suspension and thus is vitally important to their transport. Plasma is also important in transporting...