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Intercostal muscles and the diapragm contract, which causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thorax, therefore lowering the pressure within the lungs. The pressur...
A reflex action is an automatic rapid involuntary response, which acts to protect the body from damage. Such as when you touch something extremely hot, you involuntarily remove your hand from the hot o...
An enzyme is known as a biological catalyst. This is because they can speed up reactions by providing an alternative pathway, lowering the activation energy of the reaction. They are normally composed ...
Background knowledge
DNA - carry the genetic code that determines characteristics of an organism
Chromosomes - made...
The myelin sheath is a layer of insulating, fatty material that encases some neurones. The sheath is composed of Schwann cells that have gaps called nodes of Ranvier between them. Potassium and sodium ...
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